Social Conflict Resolution Theory, Research, Practice Essay

Abstract Social conflicts- conflicts in which the parties are individuals or an aggregate of individuals- are unavoidable instances of life. What causes social conflicts, however, remains a subject of contention. Scholars across various disciplines have come-up-with different theories to explain the causes of social conflicts. Generally, each theory attempts to look at the causes from a particular perspective or discipline such as economics, sociology, psychology, political science or socio-biology. Nonetheless, conflicts, as complex social phenomena, defy single explanation. They are aggregate results of myriad sets of causes, which transcend beyond the comprehension of one or more theories or perspectives. It is, however, conceded that each theory can help explain a cause or a combination of causes that would contribute towards a comprehensive understanding of social conflicts. This reflection paper aims to critically examine theories on causes of social conflict discussed under James Schel lenberg’s book entitled Conflict Resolution: Theory, Research, Practice. These are: individual characteristics theories (Chapter 3), social process theories (Chapter 4) and social structure theories (Chapter 5). First, I will briefly discuss the basic tenets of the theories, which will be followed by critical examination of the theories. Finally, some concluding observations will be drawn from the analysis. I. Discussion of the Theories Individual characteristic theories, which areShow MoreRelated Communication Patterns of Children During Conflict Essay examples1558 Words   |  7 Pageseventually their siblings or peers. Conflict is a part of life that children need to use to develop skills on resolving disagreements; conflict is not always bad. Peer conflict, however, can lead to aggressive behavior because of significant emotional and physical harm. Many youth lack the social skills needed to handle their aggravation. Peer conflict communicates joint disagreement or aggression between peers or peer groups. Peer conflict is characterized as conflict between people of equal or similarRead MoreAdnvsbsn1072 Words   |  5 Pagesassociate degree and diploma programs plus a more in-depth treatment of the physical and social sciences, nursing research, public and community health, nursing management, and the humanities. The additional course work enhances the student’s professional development, prepares the new nurse for a broader scope of practice, and provides the nurse with a better understanding of the cultural, political, economic, and social issues that affect patients and influence health care delivery. You need an intextRead MoreEthics And Morals Of Social Work Practice1068 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Ethics and Morals of Social Work Practice. Our everyday interactions are underpinned by ethics. 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I noticed differences in how women react to and engage in conflict as compared with men. While differences are good in some cases, these differences, particularly with respect to conflict (in general) can exacerbate the conflict or redirect it such that the conflict does not get resolvedRead MoreEthical Issues Of Social Work Practice1093 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 17: Topic: Ethical issues in Social Work Practice. Our everyday interactions are underpinned by ethics. Social work in its sectors deals with people in multiple and complex situations. Social workers largely work with people who are affected by different life aspects such as ethnicity, disabilities and culture. The fundamental concern for social work is to understand how these aspects affect the individuals. 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The New Colossus By Emma Lazarus - 955 Words

Introduction: Attention: â€Å"Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free† (Emma Lazarus). This sentence can be found in the poem â€Å"The New Colossus,† written by Emma Lazarus in 1883. It can also be found inscribed on the Statue of Liberty towering over the New York Harbor, a bright beacon symbolizing the freedom and democracy we hold so esteemed in America. Immigrants founded the United States and immigrants are arguably who made our nation so great. However, when immigrants do not follow the process to acquire legal citizenship into the United States is when the problems arise. Thesis: People have been immigrating to the US for decades and is something our nation was founded on; however, when it is left unregulated, it can have many adverse affects. Preview: Today, I will be addressing how illegal immigration impacts us and I will be introducing a policy to address the problem. Transition to first main point: To start, there are multiple problems that result from illegal immigration. Body: Population levels have risen drastically, partially due to increased illegal immigration activity, that affects the job market for Americans. According to Jens Krogstad and Jeffrey Passel, senior demographers at the Pew Research Center, there were 11 million illegal (undocumented) immigrants living in the US in 2014 of 320 million and that number is growing by 700,000 a year. According to Alan Gomez of USA Today, author of â€Å"Depolarizing the ImmigrationShow MoreRelatedThe New Colossus By Emma Lazarus2140 Words   |  9 PagesBetween 1877 and 1945 did the United States live up to Emma Lazarus poem which is engraved on the Statue of Liberty? While, reading her poem â€Å"The New Colossus†, there was a sense that Emma Lazarus believed that the United States of America would had let anyone come into the state no matter of what the person’s situation and/or lifestyle they lived, basically â€Å"what happens in their country stays in their country†, America would be a fresh new start of life. The way she viewed America and the wayRead MoreEmma Lazarus Poem : The New Colossus740 Words   |  3 Pagesbeside the golden door!†. This poem entitled The New Colossus, written by Emma Lazarus. The poem was engraved at the foot of the Statue of Liberty. The immigrants who came to eastern of America would eventually arrived at New York h arbor. They would passed through the Statue of Liberty and seen the poem below it. They began their new life with this poem. In recent years, some policies have passed to limit the immigrants. Discrimination is more severe. 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The Statue of LibertyRead MoreThe Importance Of Refugee Camps722 Words   |  3 Pagesstateless people.† (UNHCR.org) Undoubtedly, one of the worst refugee crisis’ took place during World War II when over 30 countries and 1.9 billion people worldwide fought against each other. After the war, more than six million refugees fled to seek new homes. Beyond that, myriads of European countries possessed their own complications to concern about, and spared no land to refugees. A large number of European refugees fled to Syria. Moreover, refugee camps are important to today’s society because

Behavioral Expectations Free Essays

School activities which facilitate the learning of the students can either be inside or outside of the classroom. Nonetheless, all these activities implicate behavioral expectations which the students must meet. In-class activities include the use of learning centers and computer stations. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Expectations or any similar topic only for you Order Now This activity facilitates learning through the use of different sources which provide the students a better understanding of the lesson. In addition, learning centers and computer stations give the students some hands-on training, which is very effective because it adds up to the learning experience of the students. Finally, these faculties of learning allow the students to enrich their knowledge and imagination, not only limiting the things to be learned to what the teacher has said. For this kind of activity, the students are expected to use the particular source efficiently so that it may help facilitate and enhance learning. This means that all available sources, such as computers, must be used with relevance to the academics. Moreover, the students are expected to practice courtesy. They should be responsible and not be abusive to the things which the school offers. One should also be courteous to his or her fellow classmates, and most especially to the teacher and other personnel present in the particular learning center. Another in-class activity is the teacher-led activities. This kind of activity makes the teacher the sole facilitator of learning. The teacher is the one who gives the basic rules or general instructions of the activity, and lays-out its objectives. The students, on the other hand, are the participants in the learning process and they are the ones who generate the ideas, key points and values of the activity. Basically, at the end of the activity, the teacher summarizes everything the students have said into few general ideas, and sometimes asks the class to repeat them. For a better focus on the students’ attention and participation, the teacher may also ask a volunteer from the class to summarize the general ideas of the activity instead of simply saying the main ideas. Finally, the teacher evaluates if all the objectives have been met, then proceeds to the lesson or next activity. For this kind of activity the students are expected to listen attentively to the teacher. They should be attentive in order for them to understand the instructions, objectives and ideas of the activity. Secondly, the students should practice a sense of responsibility. They should be able to know their priorities, what they need and need not to do whenever there is a teacher-led activity which requires their full attention and active participation. Learning does not only take place inside the classroom. Therefore, schools also conduct out-of-class activities in order to let the students experience and explore. Most common type of out-of-class activities include playground time or recess. This is a few-minute break after two to four subjects to give some time for students. This particular activity is a good embodiment of learning outside the classroom. With regard to behavioral expectations, all students are expected to practice camaraderie. This is the time when they are able to socialize with one another. Therefore, they are expected to behave properly, talk to fellow classmates and create friendship. In addition, they are also expected to learn the value of sharing and unselfishness. Friendship grows in the light of sharing. Students must know how to think of other people. Another interesting out-of-class activity is the field trip. This well-planned activity is an educational trip to different places of great significance, usually held once a year. The trip intends to familiarize the students with the historical and cultural significance and influences of the places to be visited. In this kind of activity, the students are also expected to practice camaraderie. This time, the context of camaraderie is deeper because the students are going out of the school into different places and are spending more time with each other. Moreover, the students must be obedient in the sense that they need to follow all instructions given by the teacher in order to avoid problems. The basic method of determining whether the students did or did not understand the proper behavior expected from them is by way of asking. After the teacher has given the activity and the proper behavior expected from them, he or she must first ask the students what they did not understand to what he or she has said. If there is a question raised by one of the students, he or she must restate what is expected of the students and expound it. He or she must make sure that every behavioral expectation she mentioned was clear to the mind of the students before proceeding to the activity. Another effective way of evaluating the students’ understanding of behavioral expectations is by definition. This is to be done after the activity has been finished. The teacher will ask the students to define the behavioral expectations he or she has given the class before the start of the activity. By this method, the teacher will fully know how well the students understood the values expected from them. How to cite Behavioral Expectations, Papers

Get All About Positive V/S Negative Liberty

Question: Discuss about positive versus negative liberty? Answer: Introduction: The basic concept of liberty is a difference between negative and positive sensitivity. The liberty which is known as freedom from disturbance and type of force into doing something or restraining is negative liberty,(Molivas, 1999) on the other hand liberty which means for freedom or decisions taken by the own or intentionally is known as positive liberty.(Nicholls, 1962) These two conceptions are logically not very big from each of them, but these two concepts of liberty become an argument in history that these two ideas are developing in the different type of many directions. If a single person who has most important part through which one must be free from all types of interference also appreciated by negative liberty and even one can live a happy and true life. Positive versus Negative Liberty: As per the positive views of being free, the self-determination is necessary. Freedom is not bad, but it should be taken in a positive manner only. If a person uses his freedom in a wrong way or uses it with bad intentions, then it is a negative liberty.(Miller, 1984) There are many different ways of thinking to see negative liberty is the absence of external limits, and positive liberty is the absence of internal limits.(BARKER and JAGO, 2011) For example, if the police make a rule that without seat belt no one can drive one car, bus, truck etc. and the person who takes a liberty drive his vehicle by not putting a seatbelt then this freedom is a negative liberty taken by the person. Most of the writers wrote about the freedom as natural liberty which would be most enjoyed by a single person according to his state of mind and nature. Natural liberty is defined as a power through which a person always thinks fit with no strain or any control from any other sources. In this power the positive liberty is used only for fitness of a person and his personality, self-determination or direction is a sense of liberation. Negative elements are also found in natural liberty. (Levin, 1984)As per the law of nature, this liberty is very limited, but this is effectively outside the general society and also becomes the matter of internal information as well as external concentration. So the negative liberty becomes the form of negative thoughts. This type of strained freedom is radically defective.(White, 1970) To get the other types of benefits the individual try to start securing its liberty and take place by entering into the society and start obeying all rules and regulations and its law. General liberty is a kind of liberty which belongs to a single person individually a society member. When an individual gets ready to agree with the law, it gives up their natural liberty due to self-controlled right behaviour to act as forward thinking fit and get something more and more valuable. Liberty is a concept which is consisting of a specific rights of contents. The absolute right of a person, in general, iscontents of civil liberty. The natural right of an individual is personal security, personal property and liberty which can be used by the person on its own. But in a proper way without ignoring the law. These rights cannot be counted negative but also positive these rights are not a simple right against the person who interfered by others, but it should be secured in ones life.(Buttle, 1984) The unreasonable interferences of government into the general life is also a negative liberty. The law which controls the normal man doing any mischief to his fellow citizens, despite the fact that its become less natural which increases the general liberty of mankind. On the positive side, civil liberty is rightly understood, protect the right of individuals in the society. The concept of liberty is protected in two positive ways. One, the traditional thought holds that liberty can not be maintained or support yourself at the basic level when there are no law presents, besides natural liberty is not bonded as well as not defined clearly. It is realized and determined that liberty becomespositive due to the law of civil society. Secondly, an individual can claim the protection in his rights from the community and society member. So in every manner, this is a positive right, which is claimed to society and the community to provide something to an individual is entitled. When a woman thinks that she is fit according to her body. Its her right,which includes many things as she wants to be pregnant or not. No one can force a woman into anything physically because this is her right and natural liberty too. As according to our law some of the women are very much harassed because of the interference by others in their lives. As sometimes she cannot live her life by her ways, which is a negative liberty. On the other hand, it is seen that negative liberty normally may be viewed as an extension of political liberty, which consists of natural power through which one can think fit and one wishes without any interference from others. (Pilon, 1982) Negative and positive liberty are not only two different kinds of liberty; but they can also be seen as equal to another, not able exist, for not explaining the meaning of one political ideal. Some of the people are against liberty, the way this term is clarified and defined can have important political suggestions. A person who favours the political philosophy of progress, reform and the protection of civil liberty. By social and political philosophers the difference between positive and negative liberty is an interchange of style and freedom. Some changes have even been made for the difference between liberty and freedom, which is not caught.(Becker and Crocker, 1983) The concept of liberty - you can imagine that you are driving a vehicle through town, and come to a dividing road where ever you want to go you will be driving and no traffic to speak of and police roadblocks, and diversions. So in that way, you will be the free driver. But your this dramatic picture seems to show about your confused personality while driving car moving and turning from right to left and then left to right, because of no traffic rules were followed by you, even no pressure of police on the road. So in this story, we can say, two contrasting ways of thinking of liberty.(Oakes, 1996) One, that whatever you want while driving, you are free enough if nobody is stopping you from doing anything. You were very much free in the story. On the other side, a person can think of liberty as he or she has to follow the rules and to be under control without any traffic light, traffic police or any type of diversions on the road. The truth of positive liberty is that some liberals suggest that positive conceptions of liberty carried out with demanding strict obedience to authority. Believe the avoidable events of a permanent and distressed small majority. Because all members of this small group take participation in a democratic process and think to feel free and self-controlled over its own. Positive freedom understood self-mastered and one person can choose from society will be governed. Both the conceptions of freedomare always represented valid human ideals, and the both forms of freedom are necessary for general society. The right which carefully thinks about fundamental for the growth of the personality of one person. So, without the liberty, that is without freedom one can not enjoy any others life which is somebodys right. Freedom or liberty is very much loved and careful right of the people.(Gray, 1980) Normally, in the general society the liberty which means free from controlled behaviour and the freedom by one. So liberty is taken as a negative and a harmful in general society. In our society, no one is permitted to act without a controlled behaviour. In other words, liberty means the absence of not only controlled behaviour but only those slaves controlled behaviour which are held to be reasonable. In negative ways, liberty is taken as granted and not as exceptional for self-controlled behaviour besides liberty can never be accepted by the societies. A negative concept of freedom gets rejected at living times.(Chandler, 1985) Moreover, the positive liberty under reasonable and logical self-controlled behaviour which are reasonable. It means freedom under the reasonable and necessary self-controlled behaviour is accepted by the law. So, these behaviour ensure the enjoyment of freedom the people. From civil societies, positive freedom can only be available to the people. Liberty is equal and acceptable opportunity for all the people to enjoy their rights. Liberty is a freedom of one who can express without any external obstacle in his personality. Freedom is not the absence of all self-controlled behaviour but to some extent the substitute of reasonable ones for the irrational. Without liberty, no one can live in general life in a good best way. Liberty is a self-maintenance of that atmosphere which is essential to keep the person best. For the enjoyment of right liberty is the totally essential condition. It a positive condition which is never absent from self-controlled behaviour.(Gustavsson, 2014) As a n atural liberty, it is very popular concept that the enjoyment of uncontrolled behaviour is natural freedom. When a man is born free, he has the right to enjoy freedom as he wills. All self-controlled behaviour deny the existence of freedom. The basis of liberty is a natural reason. Natural liberty is to be considered as imagination. Uncontrolled behaviour can create complete disorder. It is based on laws and rules which are real and possible. The liberty through which one can enjoy as a member of civil society and available to all individuals equally. Freedom and rights are equally enjoyed by all society persons. Uncontrolled behaviour is not a civil liberty. Civil liberty is totally different from natural liberty. It is counted under the law, create the enjoyment of condition necessary for liberty. It refrains from creating hindrances in the way of liberty for the enjoyment of people. Liberty can be compared withs many different ideas. The basic concept of freedom is a concept on w hich everyone can get agree. There is freedom to express their views, freedom to speak, choose, reside, explore, trade and to enjoy the success of ones hard work, free to accept or not to accept any ideology or faith.(Crowder, 1988) Economic liberty is defined as freedom for opportunities and daily earnings to secure tomorrow. If a person is free from hunger, starvation and unemployment, then only he or she can enjoy the freedom of economic liberty which is very important for political independence also because when people are hungry, homeless without earnings how they can think of enjoying their rights and freedom.(Insole, 2004) For independent nation, it is important to give freedom to the people of each state to constitute and organise their government by freely implementing policies and programs to pursue independence in relations with other nations.Religious freedom is not related to any religion; it is concerned with worship and faith. All regions have equal status, and religious people can spend their life with freedom. The liberty which is concerned with work is for securing the self-confidence, and this is main supportive of our moral values. Rights for every each person living in the society should have no class. Liberty always considered for equal rights without any difference. Advantages and rights are given to specific class are against the soul of liberty. It allows for some special advantages to taking from the section of society and protective differences. The essential safeguard of liberty is the establishment of the legal system. Both of them are attached to each other. Legal systems cannot be conceived without any presence of political, civil, economic and individual liberty. There will be no real democracy in the absence of the right to freedom. Rights and freedom of the people should not depend on the happiness and the will of others. The government should control exercisedby judging and impartially over every section of society to safeguard liberty. An action taken by the government must be responsible and accountable. Rights can also be given judicial protection too; it should be assigned for the responsibil ities to protect the freedom and the rights of the people. For following these type of functions, the judiciary must be fully empowered and free.Power should be secured between the executive and the legislature. Liberty will be dangerous due to a combination and concentration of these types of powers. Against possible dictatorship, it is necessary that power should not be centralised. Every person should be under the law without any bond obligation as no one is above the law. For the safeguard of liberty income, wealth and its resources and proper opportunities for livelihood should be fairly and equally distributed. Well, organized groups are very much essential for the safeguard of liberty. Social service organisations and non-government organisations can act against violation of liberty unitedly. Sometimes we raise an objection to using the word liberty. As an argument to the real liberty is the negative sort. However, libertarians take these arguments that positive liberty either doesn't exist, or it is not worthy to take care of it. But positive liberty must be named as power or capacity which cannot be ignored and must be recognized by one and all. It is evident that the two forms of liberty are related to each other. Positive liberty is exactly the growth of an individual who is free from developing determining his desire and interest comprehensively. Liberty isa self-realization exercised by both the individual and the community and always regulated by law.(Crowder, 2015) Positive liberty follows the ways in which desires are formed. Positive freedom is more difficult a norm to grasp than the negative liberty. The positive freedom is promoted to involve the claim how a person should live, nor it allow, to live life as according to the forced pattern decided by the society.(Christman, 2015) On the other side, negative liberty is what you arent prevented from doing. All types of opportunities may be open, giving you a huge amount of negative liberty, and still there are many hindrances to achieving the fruit of the opportunities available. For the realization of freedom, one should take care of that no outer forces should remov e ones desires in a positive or negative way. Conclusion: It is concluded that there has been an important talk on which form of freedom is superior positive or negative freedom. It is essential to keep the balance between the concept of liberty. What people are allowed to do to attain positive or negative liberty by living their life in an unconstrained manner?(Kaplan, 2001)Evidently, some balance has to stick between positive and negative liberty. It has been followed by many that freedom is there, but it must have some boundaries in some way so that its meaning should not be misunderstood. The liberty of some must depend on the restriction of others. References BARKER, S. and JAGO, M. (2011). Being Positive About Negative Facts.Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 85(1), pp.117-138. Becker, L. and Crocker, L. (1983). Positive Liberty: An Essay in Normative Political Philosophy.The Philosophical Review, 92(2), p.243. Buttle, N. (1984). Negative and Positive Liberty Revisited.Politics, 4(1), pp.24-27. Chandler, T. (1985). What's Negative about Positive Self Concept?.The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 58(5), pp.225-227. Christman, J. (2015). Freedom in Times of Struggle: Positive Liberty, Again.Analyse Kritik, 37(1-2). Crowder, G. (1988). Negative and Positive Liberty.Political Science, 40(2), pp.57-73. Crowder, G. (2015). Why We Need Positive Liberty.The Review of Politics, 77(02), pp.271-278. Gray, J. (1980). On Negative and Positive Liberty.Political Studies, 28(4), pp.507-526. Gustavsson, G. (2014). The Psychological Dangers of Positive Liberty: Reconstructing a Neglected Undercurrent in Isaiah Berlin's Two Concepts of Liberty.The Review of Politics, 76(02), pp.267-291. Insole, C. (2004). The Worship of Freedom: Negative and Positive Notions of Liberty in Philosophy of Religion and Political Philosophy.Heythrop J, 45(2), pp.209-226. Kaplan, S. (2001). Beyond Positive and Negative Liberty.Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal, 22(2), pp.165-183. Kis, J. (2012). Berlin's two concepts of positive liberty.European Journal of Political Theory, 12(1), pp.31-48. Levin, M. (1984). Negative Liberty.SOY, 2(01), p.84. Miller, D. (1984). A Rejoinder to N. Buttle: On the Connection between Negative and Positive Liberty.Politics, 4(2), pp.37-39. Molivas, G. (1999). A right, utility and the definition of liberty as a negative idea: Richard Hey and the Benthamite conception of liberty.History of European Ideas, 25(1-2), pp.75-92. Nicholls, D. (1962). Positive Liberty, 1880-1914.The American Political Science Review, 56(1), p.114. Oakes, J. (1996). What's Wrong with "Negative Liberty": [Commentary].Law Social Inquiry, 21(1), p.79. Pilon, J. (1982). The Romanian distinction between negative and positive liberty.Studies in Soviet Thought, 23(2), pp.131-140. Roxindole - positive on negative, negative on positive. (1994).Inpharma Weekly, NA;(962), p.8. White, D. (1970). Negative Liberty.Ethics, 80(3), pp.185-204.